Anatomical Structures Corresponding to Each Echocardiographic View (IV)

Preface

At the request of a friend, I am writing this piece on the relevant anatomy for echocardiography. The examination has been completed and the report is quite detailed, yet they still wish to see what the actual images look like. So, let’s simply present the images below…
Continuing from the previous article

VII. Subcostal Biatrial View

This view can be obtained by placing the transducer under the xiphoid process near the right costal margin, with the marker directed toward the subject’s right shoulder. The anatomical structures displayed include the inferior vena cava (IVC), right atrium (RA), interatrial septum (IAS), left atrium (LA), and superior vena cava (SVC).

Figure 1 Subcostal Biatrial View  As the name implies, “biatrial” refers to the left atrium and the right atrium. This view is essential for evaluating the morphology of the interatrial septum (e.g., for the presence of an atrial septal defect or patent foramen ovale).

Figure 2 The red signal indicates the superior vena cava (SVC) draining into the right atrium (RA); the blood flow is directed toward the transducer, appearing red. The blue signal indicates the inferior vena cava (IVC) draining into the right atrium (RA); the blood flow is directed away from the transducer, appearing blue. Both streams of blood are venous blood.

Figure 3 In this view, the size of the atrial septal defect (ASD) and the distances from the residual edge to the orifice of the superior vena cava (SVC) and the orifice of the inferior vena cava (IVC) (or the atrial wall on the IVC side) are measured to determine whether interventional occlusion therapy is feasible.

VIII. Suprasternal Notch Long-Axis View of the Aortic Arch

The transducer is placed in the suprasternal fossa and directed posteriorly and inferiorly toward the heart, with the scanning plane basically parallel to the long axis of the aortic arch. The standard for this view is the clear visualization of the aortic arch and its main branches. The anatomical structures that can be displayed include the ascending aorta (AAO), the aortic arch (ARCH) and its main branches, the origin of the descending aorta (DAO), the right pulmonary artery (RPA), and the superior vena cava (SVC). The main branches arising from the aortic arch are, in order, the brachiocephalic trunk (BCT) (also known as the innominate artery), the left common carotid artery (LCCA), and the left subclavian artery (LSCA). Generally, the left common carotid artery is the easiest to visualize clearly.

Figure 4 This view is essential for the assessment of the aorta, such as in cases of Stanford type A aortic dissection, coarctation of the aortic arch, patent ductus arteriosus, and so on.

Figure 5 This is a case of Stanford type A aortic dissection. From this view, the true and false lumens formed by the torn intima can be seen, involving the aortic arch and its branches (as indicated by the arrows).

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