Overview

Pneumonia caused by new coronavirus (COVID-19) infection initially has fever, fatigue, dry cough, and dyspnea, and gradually has the ability to infect people. Proper wearing of masks to strengthen protection has a good prognosis, a few are critically ill, and can even cause death.

Epidemiology

Based on the current epidemiological investigation, the incubation period is 1-14 days, mostly 3-7 days. The incubation period is contagious, asymptomatic infection may also become a source of infection, and the population is generally susceptible.
Respiratory droplets and close contact transmission are the main routes of transmission. As new coronaviruses can be isolated in feces and urine, attention should be paid to the environmental pollution caused by feces and urine to aerosol or contact transmission. There is a possibility of aerosol transmission in a relatively closed environment with prolonged exposure to high concentrations of aerosol. The risk of aerosol transmission may exist in closed and unventilated places, and prevention and isolation measures need to be strengthened.

Typical symptoms of new coronavirus infection

Main symptoms are fever, fatigue, and dry cough;
Few patients have symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat and diarrhea;
Severe patients usually have dyspnea and / or hypoxemia one week after the onset of disease, and the severe ones quickly progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, difficult to correct metabolic acidosis, coagulation dysfunction and multiple organ failure .

Clinical manifestation

Fever and / or respiratory symptoms;
Have the above-mentioned pneumonia imaging characteristics;
The total number of white blood cells is normal or decreased in early onset, or the lymphocyte count is decreased.

Confirmed case

Suspected cases with one of the following pathogenic evidence:
Real-time fluorescent RT-PCR for detection of new coronavirus nucleic acids. Viral gene sequencing is highly homologous to known new coronaviruses.

Prevention

When an infectious disease outbreak spreads, measures taken include measures against pathogens, susceptible populations, routes of transmission and epidemic sources.
There is no effective vaccine for the new type of coronavirus pneumonia. Personal protection is the most practical way, including not going to crowds, washing hands, drinking plenty of water, and taking rest.

Specific preventive measures are as follows:

1. Minimize going out, do not go to crowds, and avoid close contact with anyone with cold or flu-like symptoms;
2. When going out to public places, medical treatments and transportation, pay attention to wearing surgical masks or N95 masks;
3. Do not contact, purchase and eat wild animals, and avoid contact with wild animals and poultry and livestock without protection;
4. Pay attention to hand hygiene, wash your hands frequently, use hand sanitizer or soap, wash your hands with running water, or use alcohol-free hand sanitizer;
5. Do not cover with your hands when sneezing or coughing. Cover your mouth and nose with your elbows or paper towels;
6. Keep the living room and workplace clean, open windows frequently, and maintain ventilation.
7. Pay attention to drink plenty of water, rest, avoid staying up late, and exercise moderately to improve individual immunity; pay attention to nutrition, a reasonable diet, meat, poultry and eggs should be cooked thoroughly before consumption;
8. Prepare common supplies, such as thermometers, disposable masks, household disinfection supplies, etc.